Publications on Heat Pumps

The Newsletter of the UK Heat Pump Network
Six-monthly round-up of heat pump issues and news relevant to UK readers. Issued free to members of the UK Heat Pump Network and available here for free download.

• Issue 1
• Issue 2
• Issue 3
• Issue 4
• Issue 5
• Issue 6 Spring 2002
• Issue 7 March 2003
• Issue 8 April 2004

The Newsletter of the IEA Heat Pump Centre
This quarterly international journal is produced by the International Energy Agency Heat Pump Centre in the Netherlands. It is available free on-line at the Heat Pump Centre website www.heatpumpcentre.org

Heat Pumps in the UK: Current Status and Activities (GIR 67)
This paper prepared by the Energy Efficiency Best Practice Programme presents an overview of the UK activity in this field in domestic, commercial and industrial fields, including a summary of research work at Universities.

Heat Pumps in the UK: A Directory of Suppliers and Services
A listing of the UK suppliers of equipment and consultancy services for most types of heat pump. Available from the navigation bar.

All-Electric, air-conditioned office uses heat pump technology (case study)
The space conditioning at this modern office complex combined heat pumps with thermal storage and local controls to achieve energy usage lower than typical for the achieved comfort levels.
(General Information Leaflet 24, available from tel. 0800 585 794)

Ground-coupled electric heat pump heats Sargans Railway Station (case study)
An electric heat pump which uses ground water as the heat source supplies the majority of Sargans railway station's main building heat demand
(CADDET Report R058, free download from http://www.caddet-ee.org)

Use of ground-source energy at a senior living facility (case study)
A ground-source heat pump system is the main ingredient of a highly energy-efficient HVAC system at a residential care home in Ohio, USA. The system saves more than 25% in energy costs, compared to a traditional system design for a similar building and uses heat-exchange units for ventilation air and rejected heat to pre-heat domestic hot water.
(CADDET Report R303, free download from http://www.caddet-ee.org)

Heat pumps coupled to heat exchanger save energy at a school (case study)
This vocational school in France was constructed in July 1994 with energy efficiency and comfort as design priorities. The 7,000 m² academic and recreational area is heated and cooled by a system of 35 heat pumps coupled to a horizontal closed ground-coil heat exchanger buried in a farm field. The system achieved a 40% reduction in energy consumption compared to similar sized schools.
(CADDET Report R289, free download from http://www.caddet-ee.org)

Heat pump heats and cools Lowenberg Training Centre (case study)
Two existing buildings and five new buildings at this school facility are supplied with heating and cooling from a central system. 80% of the energy required during the year is supplied by two gas motor driven heat pumps with waste water from a nearby waste water treatment plant as the heat source. Pipework heat losses reduced the overall efficiency and control problems also had to be overcome.
(CADDET Report R057, free download from http://www.caddet-ee.org)

Heat pump taps energy from Lake Constance for space heating Rorschach Railway Station (case study)
This electric heat pump extracts heat from Lake Constance to heat three Rorschach station buildings in bivalent-parallel operation with an oil-fired boiler. The heat pump has operated since 1984 without problems and supplies a large part of the heat demand. Oversizing has reduced the heat pump's efficiency, but a Seasonal Performance Factor (SPF) of 3 was achieved.
(CADDET Report R060, free download from http://www.caddet-ee.org)

"Dual-path heat pump system used in superstore" (technical brochure)
Wal-Mart Corporation, a leading retailer, undertook a collaborative project with the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) to design and build an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly superstore. The innovative design, featuring new dual-path heat pumps linked to a water-cooled refrigeration system on a common water loop, was selected for its ability to meet the store's all-season HVAC needs, including dehumidification of the required higher volune of ventilation air, with efficiency and economy unattainable with any other technology.
The new superstore is annually realising estimated energy savings of 22% and cost savings of over USD 100,000. The new system also eliminates chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), recovers refrigeration waste heat for space and water heating, and provides excellent humidity control. It is applicable in most climates in the US as well as in other supermarket settings.
Click to Download
(CADDET Technical Brochure R369, free download from http://www.caddet-ee.org)

Reducing whey using mechanical vapour recompression (case study)
A Norwegian diary company operates a two stage concentration unit with mechanical vapour recompression (MVR) in a process for making brown cheeses and achieves substantial energy savings.
(CADDET Report R010, free download from http://www.caddet-ee.org)

Rapid Drying with a Heat Pump Dehumidification System (case study in a brick kiln)
Installation of a heat pump dehumidification (MVR) dryer at this Hampshire brick kiln halved the drying time, minimised production losses, and uses just over a quarter of the energy of conventional chamber dryers. In particular, this technique was well suited to drying of high value products that can otherwise be uneconomic due to high drying scrap rates.
(Good Practice Case Study 268, free download from http://www.caddet-ee.org)

Learning from Experiences with Industrial Heat Pumps
This booklet introduces the main types of industrial heat pump and goes on to explain the criteria that must be examined when screening possible applications, including pinch technology. Many case studies of each type of equipment are then explained.
(110 pages, CADDET Analysis Series No. 23, price £17.50, 1997, available from UK Caddet Team)

Heat Transformers in Industrial Processes
This analysis report summarises the results from collection and evaluation of data from absorption heat transformers in demonstration plants. Including technical and economic impact, a comparison with competing technologies and a process integration analysis in various types of industry.
(130 pages, CADDET Analysis Series No. 2, price £17.50, available from UK Caddet Team)

Industrial Heat Pumps: Experiences, Potential and Global Environmental Benefits
This IEA Heat Pump Centre report presents results from an international project to define the types and applications of Industrial Heat Pumps, and assist appropriate application of each type. It also analyses potential environmental impacts. Computer software is available from this project to assist in the screening of applications and the equipment selection process. A 12 page promotional & summary version is also available free of charge (ref HPP-AN21-2).
(226 pages, ref HPP-AN21-1 Annex 21 Final Report, 1995, price £35, available from the Secretariat)

Mechanical Vapour Recompression and (MVR) and Thermal Vapour Recompression (TVR) Systems in the Chemical Industry
A brochure explaining the types and applications of industrial heat pump equipment, including case studies (one of which is included in this document).
(37 pages, available from NOVEM, PO Box 8242, 3503 RE Utrecht, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 30 2393493; fax: +31 30 2316491. Web: http://www.novem.nl)

Heat Pumps in the UK - a monitoring report
This Report summarises the findings of a project to evaluate the energy and environmental performance of heat pumps in the UK climate. The project involved installing a ground source heat pump in a domestic house and monitoring its performance over the first year of operation.

The heat pump is used to supply an under floor heating system in a large, but well-insulated, private dwelling. The heat pump maintains satisfactory comfort conditions and no significant problems have been encountered. The heat pump has achieved an overall coefficient of performance (CoP) of 3.16, although scope for further improvements have been identified.

The limitations of the study means that these figures cannot necessarily be applied to other types of heat pump or situations, and their energy and environmental performance should be carefully evaluated on a project by project basis. In particular, CoPs for heat pumps capable of providing cooling may be significantly lower and result in higher running costs and higher CO 2 emissions.

Click to download Heat Pumps in the UK - A monitoring report

Saving Energy with Residential Heat Pumps in cold climates
This 20 page booklet examines key issues for heat sources, sizing and economics for domestic and other small heat pumps systems for heating, and gives six short case studies of applications. ‘Cold climate’ in this context refers to areas in which heat pumps are used predominantly in heating mode, which includes the UK.
(CADDET Maxi-Brochure 8, available from UK Caddet Team)

International Heat Pump Status and Policy Review 1993-1996
This two-volume report presents heat pump sales and prices, basic factors such as energy use and prices, technology status, and heat pump initiatives by Governments and other market players. It covers 18 countries including China, France, Japan, the Netherlands, South Korea, UK and USA. Part 1 brings together key information whilst part 2 presents the full country survey results.
(Part 1 Analysis: 84 pages; Part 2 Country Reports: 340 pages, Price £50, ref. HPC-AR7, 1999, available from the Secretariat)

The role of Heat Pumps in a deregulated energy market
This IEA Heat Pump Centre publication analyses the current world wide status of the deregulation process, energy price structure, heat pump market and the relationship between them. The current and future +economy of heat pump systems is analysed in detail. Market strategies of utilities are also analysed and forecasts given for the next few years.
(116 pages, Price £25, ref. HPC-AR5, 1998, available from the Secretariat)

Heat Pump Energy Efficiency Regulations and Standards
This IEA Heat Pump Centre publication is based on data from over 30 countries and provides an overview of the regulations, standards and labelling requirements for heat pumping equipment in buildings. The focus is on energy efficiency regulations, but safety measures, especially regarding working fluids are also covered. The report discusses the impact of the regulatory environment on heat pumping technology and market development.
(130 pages, Price £25, ref. HPC-AR4, 1996, available from the Secretariat)